Essay about Early American Literature - 1044 Words

Early American Literature (1620-1820) In the first half of the 17th century the New World found two groups of people colonizing. The first group, the Puritans, had left England after years of exile due to their lack of faith in the Church of England. With the reading and understanding of the Bible almost completely laid in the hands of the preacher, the congregation was forced to believe all the words that the preacher said. This all came to an end with John Calvin. His ideas were that God likes certain people better than others and those chosen ones would get more land and more money. This idea took off with the Puritans as they seeked religious freedom, a chance to start new churches†¦show more content†¦All education was basedon religion and through that there was no questioning of God. Along with this, their faith was based of that of the super natural world. They could not see God, but saw him through thingslike a prosperous harvest or a winter blizzard, both of these in reaction to actions taken by the Puritans. With this lack of deductive reasoning the Puritans would find themselves thinking about things done wrong if there was a life threatening winter blizzard or reflect the things that were done right in the event of a bountiful harvest. In my eyes the Putians were did not just leave England in search of religious freedom, they were casually asked to leave the country and were used to colonize land that England was interested in. Much like religious cults of today, they were against major religious beliefs of the church and looked upon as radicals in their beliefs. Then, coming out, beheld a space the flame consume my dwelling place. And when I could no longer look, I blest His name that gave and took. A quote of this nature in modern day society would be followed by the thought of radical nature in the person saying it. Things may have changed as far as social acceptance goes, but I see the Puritans as outcasts of the society in England. The other group ofShow MoreRelatedEarly American Literature2012 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican Literature begins in the early 1600s with the written works of the new settlers coming from Europe to the New Land of America. Although the Indians lived in America before the first Europeans arrived; their literature was somewhat neglected due to it being transmitted orally with no written works. The American writings of the early seventeenth century possess no great artistic value; they are mainly valuable as a study in origins and understanding Americas early experience. During itsRead MoreEarly American Literature Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the search for a native literature became a national obsession. Then with the triumph of American independence, many at the time saw this as a divine sign that America and her people were destined for greatness. Greatness came with a strong nation and thousands of poems and stories that still shape our nation. The recent revolution gre atly expressed the heart of the American people. However, it would take another fifty years of development throughout American before it produced the firstRead MoreThemes in Early American Literature Essays1568 Words   |  7 PagesThemes of Early American Literature Early American literature does a tremendous job of revealing the exact conditions and challenges that were faced by the explorers and later by the colonists of the New World. From early shipwrecks to the later years of small colonies barely surviving through dreadful winters, the literary works of the time period focus on some very recognizable themes. The theme of any given work – being simply the unifying subject or idea – is a very important element of anyRead MoreChildhood During Early American Literature1447 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood in early American literature: In the early part of American history literature played a significant role in defining on how America would be shaped and molded. For the Puritans, coming to America provided the opportunity to express their opinions and beliefs. This opportunity was what they had been striving for and finally had the chance to implement. The Puritans took full advantage of this opportunity and utilized literature to provide values and rules to be followed. The literature writtenRead MoreEarly American Children s Literature1490 Words   |  6 PagesEarly American children’s literature was intended to provide children with religious, social and moral education. Puritans were one of the first groups to create a large body of children s books, their doctrine of original sin assumed that all children were damned until they were converted to Christianity (Susina ). The Puritans believed that reading the Bible was important to achieving salvation, therefore teaching children to read was a priority for that matter. The New England Primer, An AlphabetRead MoreEssay on Values In Early American Literature1346 Words   |  6 PagesValues in Early American Literature We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with inherent and inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, says the Declaration of Independence. This phrase encompasses three major values shown throughout early American literature. The strong belief in religion, freedom, and a strong will for a better life. Each piece had one or more of these themesRead MoreIndividualism in Early American Literature Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesEarly American literature is full of the spirit of individualism. This spirit can best be described by Emerson when he says, Good men must not obey the laws too well. This view has long been an inspiration for future generations of Americans to start some of the greatest reformations of our history. Among the literary units that show support for Emersons idea, there are three that are more powerful at conveying this spirit. The Revolutionaries, the Transcendentalists, and theRead MoreEssay Role of Religion in Early American Literature619 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Religion in Early American Literature American Literature, especially of the early settler and colonial period is marked by a deep sense of religion and a stress upon writing about matters related to religion. The development of early American literature thus can be seen to be a reflection of the religious ideals followed by the early settlers and colonists and it became a means of promoting a moral and ethical way of life. Early American literature is filled with an obvious expressionRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Early American Literature1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Religion in Early American Literature 1) The role of religion played a major role in early American literature. Many different authors form a variety of time periods incorporate religious ideas and philosophies into their writings. A few authors from different time periods that did this were Johnathan Edwards, Anne Bradstreet, and Henry David Thoreau. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan. Much like all the other Puritans of her time she examined her conscience daily and that theyRead MoreEvolution Of The Witch From Early American Literature1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution of the Witch from Early American Literature to Contemporary Film Over time there have been many different stories and adaptations about the monster that is the witch. From one folktale, to a book, to a movie there are slight differences that make each interpretation very unique. The stereotype is, people think that witches have green skin, big noses, and that they fly on brooms with pointy hats. However, if we completely examine the different texts such as The Conjuring or The Crucible

Adolescence in Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane Essay...

Adolescence in Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane Adolescence brings about many changes as a youth becomes an adult. For many people this passage is either tedious and painful or simple and barely noticeable. The anguish and torture that is usually associated with rites of passage and growing up is visible is Stephen Cranes Red Badge of Courage. Set against the backdrop of the American Civil War, the novel reveals how the atrocities of war precipitate emotional growth and maturity, as well as acts dignity, individualism, and, of course, courage. In the course of the novel, Henry Fleming, a young soldier from New York State, gives up his romantic dreams of war once he makes it through the trials of battle and begins to†¦show more content†¦. . that perhaps in a battle he might run. He was forced to admit that as far as war was concerned he knew nothing of himself (10). Eventually, Henry faces his ultimate enemy#8212;himself. Henry wants to be a legendary hero like the ones he has read about, but at the same time, his fears nag at him, making him doubt his own self-confidence. He later questions his fellow soldiers in an attempt to gain some confirmation on his anxieties and wonders whether they will accept him later should he run from the battle. Such questions suggest the constant dilemma experienced by inexperienced, young adolescence, such as conformity, peer pressure, and acceptance. Crane communicates the initial stage of Henrys transformation when Henry expresses uncertainty of who he is. At last, Henry becomes increasingly aware of the laws of nature and that can not escape death. Henry fights well in the first battle against the rebels, but during the second clash, he loses his nerve and flees in terror thinking that he is about to be eaten by a red and green monster, or the monster of death. To reorganize his thoughts, he walks deeper into the woods not to learn from nature, but to justify his running from danger by a squirrel running away from a thrown pinecone. He then comes acr oss a dead man leaning beside a tree. Crane notes Henrys reaction to the corpse: The youth gave a shriek as he confronted the thing. He was for moments turned toShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesRousseau (1763) Geschichte des Agathon, by Christoph Martin Wieland (1767)—often considered the first true Bildungsroman[9] Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1795–96) 19th century[edit] Emma, by Jane Austen (1815) The Red and The Black, by Stendhal (1830) The Captain s Daughter, by Alexander Pushkin (1836) Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà « (1847)[21] Pendennis, by William Makepeace Thackeray (1848–1850) David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens (1850) Green Henry, by GottfriedRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesspace there is at the writer’s disposal, it is not possible to tell the reader everything that â€Å"happened† to the characters. (James Joyce once contemplated writing a short story recording everything that happened during a single day in the lives of Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom. The result was Ulysses which grew to 767 pages and even then covered only twenty-one and a half hours.) In constructing the plot, the author will of necessity be forced to select those incidents that are most relevant to

Organisational Behaviour for Stereotypes - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Behaviour for Stereotypes. Answer: Positive And Negative Impact Of Stereotyping A stereotype is defined as an oversimplified idea or fixed image about a specific group or class of people that is widely accepted by a significant number of people. In other words, it is a general image of a person or groups set of characteristics or attributed which are widely accepted (Ryan and Sackett, 2013). Most people rely on stereotypes because they were taught that way about a culture or a group. Stereotyping occurs due to lack of experience that people have regarding a particular culture or a group, so they rely on stereotyping to fill the missing information about a person. Similarly, in organisations, employees and managers rely on stereotypes while communicating with people from different culture or religion to avoid making any statement that might be offensive to them. However, stereotyping did not take into consideration personal attributes of a person based on which employees can mistreat people from another culture in an organisation which can offend him and it incre ases conflict among employees (Kalokerinos, Von Hippel and Zacher, 2014). In order to address this issue, companies implement organisational behaviour theories. Organisational behaviour is a study of peoples interaction within a group which assist management in improving their efficiency and establishing a positive working culture (Miner, 2015). This essay will analyse what stereotypes are and why people use them in an organisational setting. This essay will analyse the impact of stereotyping at a workplace and evaluate how it affects employees performance. Further, various recommendations will be provided in the essay for minimising stereotyping at the workplace by using different organisational behaviour theories. The human resource department in organisations focuses on establishing a supportive working environment that effectively manages diversity among different employees. The companies are becoming more global which increases the requirement for diversity management. Roh and Kim (2016) provided that the diversity management is referred to the strategy which is used by a corporation for creating an inclusive and diverse workplace. Effective diversity management policies ensure that people from different cultures, background, religion, gender and caste are able to work together and support each others actions. However, stereotyping at a workplace leads to increasing disputes and conflicts among employees. Human nature is distinct from one another, and people have different attributes that differentiate them from others. But, stereotyping relies on an oversimplified image of a group or class of people based on specific characteristics (Li, Bagger and Cropanzano, 2017). People feel offended i f they are judged based on stereotypes rather than their personal characteristics. In organisations, managers rely on stereotypes due to its merits. The advantage of stereotyping is that it enables people to rapidly respond to specific situations because they have a similar experience before. In an organisational setting, leaders can rely on stereotypes while communicating with other employees so that they are able to relate to them without even knowing them. Tran and Vu (2016) argued that stereotyping enable people to fill the missing information regarding a person based on characteristics of a group or culture from which he/she belongs to. Stereotyping helps leaders when they communicate with workers from different cultures because they can rely on stereotypes and ensure that they did not make any remark that might offend them. However, in organisations, stereotyping can have a negative impact that reduces employees productivity and raise workplace disputes. There are a number of limitations of using of stereotypes at the workplace. Guillaume et al. (2017) stated that stereotyping puts labels on individual and make general assumptions about them without having any personal knowledge about them. Stereotypes are good as long as they are correct, however, incorrect stereotyping can have serious negative consequences. If a leader judges or make a remark based on an untrue stereotype about an employee, then it can offend them. The issue with stereotyping is that it makes leaders ignore the difference between each worker due to which they think things about people that are not true. Based on stereotypes, leaders can take business decisions that can affect its effectiveness. As per Big five model of personality theory, managers can divide employees based on their personalities and implement appropriate organisatio nal behaviour theories to improve their performance. The theory provides five different personalities which include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience (Walker and Vetter, 2016). However, critiques have argued that human nature differs as per each person and it cannot be categorised into five groups. Based on stereotypes, managers can make general assumptions about a persons personality and make policies for improving their performance. However, without the knowledge of personal attributes, a manager cannot judge a workers personality hence the policies will fail to motivate them. As per Equity theory of motivation, if an employee did not receive expected output based on his/her inputs, then it can negatively affect his/her productivity (Ryan, 2016). Similarly, if managers promote employees based on stereotypes rather than performance, then it will result in reduced the performance of other employees. There are a number of reasons based on which managers should make appropriate policies to minimise or eliminate stereotyping from the workplace. Lack of policies for avoiding stereotyping at the workplace can cause conflict among employees since they might mistreat each other based on stereotypes. Conflicts create a negative working environment in which it is difficult for employees to work and achieve organisational objectives (Flanagan, 2015). On the other hand, it also increases attrition rate of employees since they are more likely to switch jobs rather than working in a negative working environment. Therefore, stereotyping has a direct negative impact on a company and employees performance which reduces its effectiveness. In order to avoid stereotyping, many organisations take strict actions against people who braches diversity policies or take business decisions based on stereotypes. For example, it is a common misconception that women are not good leaders, however, corporation s are taking steps to give women employees more senior level managerial position in order to eliminate stereotypes. Harley Davidson is a good example; over 25 percent of firms workplace includes female employees, and they implement appropriate policies to promote equal growth and avoid stereotyping (Barrett, 2015). Google Incorporation also takes stereotyping very seriously and takes corrective actions against people who breach diversity management policies. For instance, the CEO of the company, Sundar Pichai, recently fired an engineer, James Damore, based on an anti-diversity memo issued by him which argued that men are superior to women (Kovach, 2018). The actions of these corporations show how important it is for companies to implementing effective diversity management policies for avoiding diversity in the workplace in order to improve employees performance and establish a positive working environment. There are different actions that can be taken by management in order to avoid stereotyping at the workplace. For example, one of the primary reasons for stereotyping is lack of experience; therefore, management should provide diversity training to employees and managers to teach them about different culture so that they avoid making assumptions. Similarly, managers should avoid making assumptions while communicating with employees which encourage other employees to improve their behaviour as well. The senior level management should also implement strict policies against stereotyping so that employees did not use stereotypes while communicating with others (Duguid and Thomas-Hunt, 2015). It will also assist in reducing stereotyping during recruitment and selection process and it will also ensure that employees are promoted based on their performance rather than stereotypes. The management can implement organisational behaviour modification: attitudes and behaviour theory of organisati onal behaviour that focuses on altering employees attitudes and behaviours to align them with corporate objectives (Walton, Murphy and Ryan, 2015). It uses technology and new found knowledge regarding human behaviour to influence employees decisions. There are five steps in this theory which include identification of issues, measuring of behaviours, establishment of triggers, development of strategies, and evaluation of effectiveness of policies (Schmader, Hall and Croft, 2015). Based on this model, managers can ensure that while communicating with each other, employees did not use stereotypes. It will assist in establishing a positive work environment in a corporation which will increase employees performance and firms profitability. In conclusion, stereotypes are referred to an oversimplification of characteristics or idea regarding a group or class of people that is widely accepted by a significant number of people. In organisations, managers and employees use stereotypes because it assists them in filling incomplete information regarding a person from different culture while communicating with him. However, stereotyping has a negative impact on a corporation because it increases workplace conflicts which reduce the performance of employees. It also results in increasing attrition rates of employees and management finds it difficult to retain employees because they did not prefer to work in a hostile environment. Therefore, stereotyping is a serious issue that affects a firms profitability, and the management should implement appropriate policies for avoiding stereotyping at the workplace. The management can take different actions to avoid stereotyping in the workplace such as providing diversity training to em ployees and managers, so they learn about other cultures and avoid making assumptions while dealing with employees from different cultures. The management can also implement strict policies against the use of stereotypes so that employees avoid using stereotypes while communicating with others. These policies can minimise or eliminate stereotyping in the workplace and establish a positive working environment which encourages employees to achieve common organisational objectives. References Barrett, R. (2015) Harley courts women and young riders. [Online] Journal Sentinel. Available at: https://archive.jsonline.com/business/harley-courts-women-and-young-riders-b99431331z1-289674181.html/ [Accessed 13th April 2018]. Duguid, M.M. and Thomas-Hunt, M.C. (2015) Condoning stereotyping? How awareness of stereotyping prevalence impacts expression of stereotypes.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), p.343. Flanagan, J. (2015) Gender and the Workplace: The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Self-Assessment of Management Skills of Female Business Students.Advancing Women in Leadership,35, p.166. Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A. (2017) Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Kalokerinos, E.K., Von Hippel, C. and Zacher, H. (2014) Is stereotype threat a useful construct for organizational psychology research and practice?.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,7(3), pp.381-402. Kovach, S. (2018) Google CEO: We didn't fire the diversity memo writer for political reasons. [Online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Google-CEO-We-didnt-fire-the-diversity-memo-writer-for-political-reasons/articleshow/62575911.cms [Accessed 13th April 2018]. Li, A., Bagger, J. and Cropanzano, R. (2017) The impact of stereotypes and supervisor perceptions of employee workfamily conflict on job performance ratings.human relations,70(1), pp.119-145. Miner, J.B. (2015)Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Roh, H. and Kim, E. (2016) The business case for gender diversity: examining the role of human resource management investments.Human Resource Management,55(3), pp.519-534. Ryan, A.M. and Sackett, P.R. (2013) Stereotype threat in workplace assessments.APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology,1, pp.661-673. Ryan, J.C. (2016) Old knowledge for new impacts: Equity theory and workforce nationalization.Journal of Business Research,69(5), pp.1587-1592. Schmader, T., Hall, W. and Croft, A. (2015) Stereotype threat in intergroup relations.APA handbook of personality and social psychology,2, pp.447-471. Tran, L.T. and Vu, T.T.P. (2016) Im not like that, why treat me the same way?The impact of stereotyping international students on their learning, employability and connectedness with the workplace.The Australian Educational Researcher,43(2), pp.203-220. Walker, M. and Vetter, T. (2016) Changing the personality of a face: Perceived Big Two and Big Five personality factors modeled in real photographs.Journal of personality and social psychology,110(4), p.609. Walton, G.M., Murphy, M.C. and Ryan, A.M. (2015) Stereotype threat in organizations: implications for equity and performance.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,2(1), pp.523-550.

The World On a Turtles Back Response to Symbolism Essay Example For Students

The World On a Turtles Back Response to Symbolism Essay They symbols that contributes to the theme of The World on a Turtles Back (an Iroquois legend) include the turtle, the great tree, and the twins. These symbols contributes to the theme because they all represent one form or another in the story of creation. According to the myth the culture values all that is living, and due to the similarities to the story of creation in Christianity they do believe that only one person created the world and all we know about it. However, it was two twins, a left- anded and a right-handed twin that created the plants, animals, and humans that live on the Earth. We will write a custom essay on The World On a Turtles Back Response to Symbolism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The main theme of the story is that we cannot have life without balance of life and death, or light and darkness. (Which is also similar to the Yin and Yang in Chinese cultures. ) The culture also empathizes that women are the reason for our world and hint at a Mother Nature when the mother of the twins is buried and plants grow over where she was buried. The culture honors both the left-handed and right-handed twin because without one the world would be completely out of alance and would cause the world to not be able to contain life. They also could honor both twins in order to show balance and that Just because there are many differences among the living, that does not mean that we can exist without one another. That Just because things seem very different does not meant that they cannot work together for a greater cause. For example in the modern world that we know schools, sports, clubs, family, and peers have to work together in order to achieve the goals that they can all share with one another.